Egyptian political history( Prehistory-1500) Research Paper

Egyptian political history( Prehistory-1500) - Research Paper Example It set up a political association structure from the get-go so as to serve its kin and assigned jobs for its future thriving. Military power ensured the realms and played out the sets of the lords. Records likewise show that Egypt extended its position over the realms it vanquished and made certain unions with different domains to battle their adversaries. The political force was at first acquired by the imperial family, which framed the arrangement of setting up a government based government that controlled the monetary exercises of the realm. Monarchical Governments The antiquated Egyptian government was a type of government and religious government. Absolutely, the lords were said to manage by divine announcement and if fortunate to keep the domain together, the ability to govern was acquired by individuals with the imperial blood. In any case, there are cases where the ladies became sovereigns and circumstances where the administration was removed by the vanquishing lines. As ind icated by the ICR (6), for around three centuries, that is 3150 to 31BCE when the Roman Empire took the regions of Egypt, Pharaohs administered old Egypt. Pharaohs involved the top situation of the social progressive systems and controlled with outright force. Pharaohs as political and strict pioneers would manage till their demise, when their beneficiaries acquired the seat. A few beneficiaries would assume the liability very from the get-go in age, and here and there where there were no sovereigns, the imperial ladies could be offered to a regal individual in the linage, to make shoulder beneficiaries of the seat and guarantee no force was spilled outside the illustrious family. A portion of the woman Pharaohs involved Hatshepsut and CleopatraVII, while male rulers were Akhenaten who went down the tossed to his child lord Tun (Tunankhamun at age 9). They practiced their forces without difficulty, on the grounds that the individuals had just acknowledged them as their divine beings , or go betweens to the divine beings, just as their related immense force that they used to order the individuals, head their military, and settle on basic choices when required. The rule of the Pharaohs can be separated into 3 realms as indicated by the periods (2700 to 2200 BCE) Old Kingdom, (2052 to 1786 BCE) Middle Kingdom, and (1575 to 1087 BCE) the new Kingdom, wherein the various Egyptian administrations were built up (Connors et al 22). A few rulers strived to achieve the goals of their previous rulers as they protected their lines through the militaries, brought political and monetary strength and flourishing, bound together the Egyptians after the triumphs, unrests, and uproars. Political Structure The political association and order of intensity was focused with the incomparable power that laid on the Pharaohs. Despite the fact that there were subordinates to the regal force, the kings’ choice was last at any necessary circumstance. A few lords administered throug h their beneficiaries, making it conceivable to regulate and keep up request inside the whole Egypt region. As per Kaplan, the administration of antiquated Egypt resembled the structure of a pyramid concerning the division of intensity; with the end goal that the lord was at the top, and underneath him a pool of laborers that differed in the positions (13). The lord, however a person with enough capacity to settle on a choice that would influence the lives of the individuals, had a group of first class or illustrious individuals who went about as his recommendation board and could now and again impact his choices. The viziers as the official heads of organization involved the ground-breaking

Aristotles Theory of the Ideal State

Aristotles Theory of the Ideal State ARISTOTLE AND HIS IDEAL STATE (384 BC 322 BC) NAME : SHAMIKA S. TAMHANE Aristotle is one such interesting thinker, who has made commitments to endless fields like that of material science, science, arithmetic, mysticism, meds, theater, move and obviously governmental issues. Aristotle is known as ‘Father of Political Science’. ‘Polis’ is ‘city-state’ in Greek. From this, he instituted term ‘Politics’. He is one of the most praised political masterminds as he was the main savant who disengaged reasoning from political theory and cut out the last as an autonomous control. He presented a precise investigation of governmental issues and expressed that legislative issues might be without morals. Aristotle was conceived in 384 BC in the Greek town of Stagira. His dad, Nicomachus was a doctor in the court of Macedonia. The two his folks are known to have kicked the bucket when Aristotle was youthful. At 17 years old, Aristotle’s sister’s spouse, who was his watchman, sent him to Athens for advanced education in Plato’s institute. Aristotle end up being an excellent researcher and was a nearby devotee of Plato. Plato kicked the bucket in 347 BC. Be that as it may, in spite of being probably the nearest follower of Plato, Aristotle didn't turn into the leader of the institute as he had some significant contrasts as for Plato’s hypothesis. Aristotle remained in the institute for around 2 decades. Following a couple of long periods of Plato’s passing, he left Athens and came back to Macedonia in 338 BC. There he showed Alexander the Great and the Macedonia court compensated him liberally for his administrations. In 335 BC, Alexander succeeded his dad, Phillip II and vanquished Athens. Aristotle also came back to Athens and began his own foundation called the Lyceum. Aristotle invested the vast majority of his energy composing, investigating and instructing at his institute. In 323 BC, Alexander kicked the bucket and the individuals of Athens rebelled against the Macedonian standard. Being Alexander’s educator and having had associations with the decision group of Macedonia, represented a danger to his life in Athens where against Macedonian feeling was at its pinnacle. So as to spare himself from indictment, Aristotle left Athens and went to Chalcis on the island of Euboea. Aristotle inhaled his last there in 322 BC. Aristotle encountered a ton of good and bad times in the political range for a mind-blowing duration like the fall of Sparta, the ascent just as the fall of Alexander the Great and so forth. Every one of these happenings around him have influenced him and it tends to be reflected in the entirety of his works Presentation Populace AND TERRITORY As said in the presentation the principal material or fixing to frame an ideal or a perfect state is populace. The lawmaker has the ability to decide the number and character of residents and therefore, the size and character of the nation. As indicated by Aristotle, â€Å"Most people believe that a state so as to be cheerful should be enormous; yet regardless of whether they are correct, they have no clue what is a huge and what a little state. For they judge of the size of the city by the quantity of the occupants; though they should respect not their number, however their power.† (1) Hence, Aristotle was unmistakably of the conclusion that the nature of the individuals which establish the state matters, as opposed to their amount. Along these lines, more than the physical size of the populace, its character is significant. Aristotle legitimizes this by giving the case of Hippocrates who was an extraordinary doctor that he was incredible in light of the nature of the work he did and is unquestionably more noteworthy than a man who is simply genuinely taller than him. Additionally, regardless of whether we are to figure the enormity of a state by the quantity of occupants, not every person can be remembered for it, similar to the slaves and outsiders. Just the individuals from the state are to be incorporated who structure a basic piece of it. An exceptionally populated state can't be all around represented, as it is hard to keep up lawfulness. As indicated by Aristotle , there is a breaking point to the size of the state similarly as there is a cutoff to the size of different things like plants and creatures as though any of these are excessively little or huge, they either totally lose their temperament or get ruined. Here he refers to a case of a boat. A boat, if just a range long, can't be a boat at all and the one which is a quarter mile long will even now be a boat, yet will be terrible for cruising. Correspondingly, if a state is excessively litt le, it won’t act naturally adequate yet on the off chance that it is too huge it would be unequipped for having an administration that is sacred. Likewise, in an over-populated state, it is hard to distinguish outsiders who may exploit this circumstance and attempt to procure the privileges of the residents. Thus, obviously the biggest populace ought to be the one which does the trick for the reasons forever. The domain of the state ought to be all-delivering, with the goal that the state has everything to be needing nothing, which is called adequacy. It should empower the occupants to live generously so they can appreciate recreation. The nation ought to be reasonable for getting foods grown from the ground and furthermore different items. The city ought to be arranged in respect both to the ocean and land, with the goal that it is ensured on both the sides. Likewise, import and fare can be encouraged through water transport. Aristotle has an exceptionally unmistakable way of depicting the character of the individuals of different pieces of the world. As per him, individuals who live in areas with cold atmosphere and in Europe are dedicated yet need knowledge and aptitude. This is the explanation they have the chance to appreciate opportunity however they have no political association. Then again, the locals of Asia are canny yet they need soul, subsequently they are consistently under some outside guideline and are continually oppressed. Be that as it may, as indicated by Aristotle, the best is the Hellenic race which is arranged between the two locales and has the best of both the areas, for example the soul of the Europeans and the insight of the Asians. So this race is liberated from any outside principle and is additionally very much represented. Aristotle expresses certain different things which a perfect state must have, for example, food, expressions, arms and so on. It ought to have a decent measure of income with the goal that it can deal with its inside needs just as shield itself from any outside animosity. The state ought to likewise deal with the religion of the individuals so they can rehearse their particular religion bravely. The last and the most significant thing is that the expert in the state must have the ability to choose what is acceptable and for people in general. All these previously mentioned things are essentially to be accommodated by the state organization as the state is certifiably not a simple total of individuals however their association, who have met up to satisfy a typical reason for ‘well-being’. In the event that any of the above recorded things is inadequate in a specific state, at that point a state can't be called completely independent. At that point it is important to outli ne the structure of the state in such a way, that all the above capacities are satisfied. For instance, a state ought to have ranchers to create food, specialists and craftsmans to advance workmanship, warriors to ensure the limits of the express, the clerics to do strict practices and so on. Therefore, it very well may be seen that Aristotle doesn't sabotage the job of any individual in arrangement of a perfect state and indicates the job that every resident can play, for ‘good life’. Aristotle likewise expresses the perfect area of the state. So as to guarantee great soundness of its residents, a state should lie towards the east. States which are secured by the north wind have milder winter which is once more, more beneficial. Consequently, the state ought to be found with the end goal that it favors helpful organization also, in circumstances of war. There ought to be copious springs and wellsprings in the state and if there is a shortage of the equivalent, there ought to be repositories which can store water and accommodate its residents in a condition of emergency. Aristotle lays incredible accentuation on giving unadulterated water to the residents of the state. As per him, of the five components of nature, the ones which are capable to keep an individual sound are water and air. He says that the plan of houses in the city ought to be unpredictable in certain pieces of the city, provided that all the houses are laid efficiently in an orderly fashion and in a specific example, it would be simple for aliens to discover their way through all aspects of the town, which ought not be the situation. Subsequently, a few sections ought to be orderly while some unpredictable and along these lines a harmony among security and excellence of the state ought to be all around kept up. Family units, PROPERTY AND SLAVERY IN THE IDEAL STATE As per Aristotle, family is the most significant and the essential social unit of the general public. It is the principal organization of society which prepares a kid in citizenship. Aristotle associates citizenship to a family unit since it shows an individual division of work (monetary, social and others) and gives him a feeling of comprehension of his obligation towards his family just as towards the general public and the state. A family gives an individual, preparing for a humanized life. The family unit deals with the fundamental prerequisites of an individual; be it materialistic, social, enthusiastic or physical need of the individual. Hence, a man who lives in a very much oversaw family unit has a feeling of satisfaction and substance will add to the benefit of the general public and thus, the state. Family, subsequently, is fundamental for the ethical development and improvement of a person. A state is comprised of numerous family units and subsequently it is significant for Aristotle, to examine the game plan of a family in a perfect state. A family unit is deficient without slaves, opines Aristotle. There are three relations in a family which are significant, that will be, that of a couple, the connection of a dad and youngsters and thirdly, that of ace and slave. The man, spouse

My Diet Analysis and Health Progress Essay

My Diet Analysis and Health Progress Essay We all know that eating right can help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid certain health problems, but your diet can also have a profound effect on your mood and sense of wellbeing. Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, cooking meals at home, and reducing your intake of sugar and refined carbohydrates, on the other hand, may help to improve mood. Eating a healthy diet doesn’t have to be overly complicated. You just need to approach it in a different way trying to analyze what you are eating and how to control the intake of food and meals. Such diet analysis is a way to track the entire food one eats for a period of time and analyzes the foods eaten to determine the overall nutritional value of one’s dietary intake. It also helps to determine one’s diet “weak spots”, potential food allergies or diseasemanagement issues. To complete my nutritional analysis, I needed to fill in a 7 day food diary and created a plan for 3 weeks ahead. This was a learning experience on it’s own and helped me to think more about the food I was eating. I was pleased to learn that I met my nutritional requirements for energy, fluid, fibre and the majority of vitamins and minerals. This didn’t surprise me too much. As a person who cares about food I eat, I see food positively! Food to me is a wonderful and often unique combination of vitamins, minerals, carbs, protein, fat and fibre that my body needs to function. So, when I was analyzing my own diet, I created a key-focus area to control and revise and listed the tools to use to measure the food intake, calories counters and activity and exercise to keep on track of. I admit, I had to revise my diet analysis plus the exercises I did during this time as it is always good practice to listen to what your system tells you, isn’t it? Therefore, this helped me to decide what I am interested in: Food Groups (am I getting all of them?) Macronutrient Composition (what is the ratio and composition of carbs, proteins and fat?) Activity level (am I doing enough of exercises and in general Am I active enough?) Micronutrients of Concern: (am I getting enough?) More free time? Better grade? Click on this button nowOrder Now Next step was choosing the tool to analyse my diet or rather healthy eating plan. Trying to determine your intake of all nutrients of interest sounded pretty daunting. I read on the blogs for Dieticians that: “Using an online tool that you can use to input the nutrients of your food easily is really going to enable you to do quicker diet analysis.” And to my surprise it worked! I went through a lot of the materials in there and decided to stay with these two: FitDay and SuperTracker. Honestly, I liked FitDay better, because you could manually create foods, inputting each nutrient (great if you can’t find it in the database but have a nutrition label). SuperTracker, on the other hand, was not that flexible. I thought that it is limiting in the foods in its database, which for me was really tricky to overcome. I eat a lot of foods from in whole food form, but SuperTracker had a food database focused on more commercial food products. So in the end, I stayed with FitDay. During the process of my diet analysis, I realized that in some places I was consuming more than I should be and in some I was consuming less than I should be. I created three profiles for the diet analysis, and Iused each for one week each to analyze my diet and physical activities. I was able to input the foods I ate daily and also the physical activities I was involved in. During the course of the first week, I got tired easily. It was so hard on me because as I figured later I was not eating enough. I realized I took in less food containing carbohydrates and fats. During the second week, I lost the weight and felt stronger in general. The obstacle here was to discipline myself and follow the diet plan I created in the beginning of the week. I started to give myself a break: eating more of the “non-healthy food”, treated myself with alcohol. That was the reason why my weight didn’t want to get any lower: I was only able to maintain my weight. I took notes form what I did wrong and adjusted my eating plan for week 3. The last week of dieting went more or less easy for me. I have got myself under control, got used to the regime I established. Moreover, I got even more motivated when I saw the results of my diet: to my surprise, I didn’t actually achieve my goal of losing 2 pounds in a week, I lost 4 pounds! The hardest part in the end was to decide whether I should follow the plan or to give up on it. I decided to stop for awhile. I waited two week before I continued following the same diet plan I started with. And now I can say that I lost weight, I feel good and I am not even thinking of resigning from the diet plan I created. So after three weeks of dieting here are some numbers or the results of me being a healthy-eater: Energy â€" My intake was 2439 calories and my expenditure was 1961 calories leaving a negative energy balance of 478 calories. Protein â€" My goal was 254 to 753 with my actual intake being 212 which was below my goal. Vitamins and Minerals â€" My diet is lacking in those two. After three weeks my calcium was 41% and my iron was only 54% where the vitamin A was around 35% and vitamin C was 91%. This is based on an intake of 1961 calories per day. All in all I realized that healthy eating is not about strict dietary limitations, staying unrealistically thin, or depriving yourself of the foods you love. Rather, it’s about feeling great, having more energy, improving your health, and stabilizing your mood. I am a firm believer that your diet is the biggest component of your health and I wish to make continue to make it for the rest of my life.

Justice in Juvenile Justice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 806 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Juvenile Justice Essay Did you like this example? Rates of Juvenile Arrest The arrests of American youth, while showing a decline since 1996, are still a great concern and with 2,553.6 youth per 100,000 arrested per year in 2016 (OJJDP, 2017). That is more than 25% of our youth somehow in the juvenile justice system. The ways we care for our youth once they are in the system is extremely important not only ensuring fair and effective treatment but also as a means to reduce future juvenile and adult recidivism. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Justice in Juvenile Justice" essay for you Create order Implementing programs to model children into contributing members of society, identity substance abuse disorders, counseling for mental and emotional issues are all necessary for rehabilitating offenders and reducing recidivism. Recidivism of Juvenile Offenders If we examine the rates of recidivism for juvenile offenders in Florida, New York, and Virginia, we will see that approximately 55% of juveniles released from custody were arrested again either in the juvenile or adult system within a year (Bostic, 2014). While statistics are promising and juvenile incarceration is lessening we still have work to do. How we approach the juvenile justice system is not the same as the adult justice system. Unlike the adult system, the juvenile justice system has an easy out, let the offender age out. This is not the answer, however. Ensuring fair treatment and a just system allows for greater focus to be applied to the offender. Effects of Decentralized Justice The juvenile justice process varies state to state. Not only does the process vary by state so does the offense and sentences imposed for criminal violations. This, for the most part, is similar in the adult system, but imagine if your sentence varied simply by the city or county you reside in the state. Juvenile justice systems are often decentralized with inconsistent punishments and arrest practices. Take, for example, Michigans juvenile justice system. A simple assault is committed in two different Michigan counties by two different 15-year-old males. One receives a sentence of six months in a juvenile detention center the other is placed into a non-custodial diversion program (Elam, 2017). Such a variance in punishment certainly is unfair. In this situation, Michigan courts are effectively labeling some offenders in the state as deviant and sparing others solely due to their geographical location and not as a result of their offense. In 1971, the Institute of Judicial Administra tion along with the American Bar Association attempted to reform unfair sentencing by introducing the Juvenile Justice Standards Project. This was designed to sentence offenders by the severity of their offense and not solely on a needs basis of the offender (Siegel, L. J., Bartollas, C., 2018). Due Process in Juvenile Justice Due Process, a right afforded to everyone in America, well almost. Due process rights are at times infringed upon in juvenile court proceedings. Imagine a child arrested, fearful, and appearing before a judge sitting high above them. There are two outcomes for the child on their initial appearance go home with their guardian or be remanded to the custody of the local juvenile institution. Luckily seated next to them is a highly experienced attorney there to represent them. It seems the child is well represented and all is in order, however, many juveniles are placed in this position without counsel present at all. According to a report published by the National Juvenile Defender Center (2017) entitled Access Denied: A National Snapshot of States Failure to Protect Childrens Right to Counsel there are still states that do not guarantee representation by a lawyer at all judicial hearings, charge the offender for representation, allow the child independently without counsel to waive the ir rights to counsel and finally remove lawyers prior to the sentencing phase. It is hard to believe this still occurs. In the adult justice system, such negligence would guarantee mistrials as a result of due process violations. Perhaps these states should reflect on the landmark In Re Gault (1967) decision wherein Supreme Court Associate Justice Douglas is quoted as saying, Neither man nor child can be allowed to stand condemned by methods which flout constitutional requirements of due process of law. Certainly this is not the norm, however, the broad juvenile justice system allows for states to infringe upon some rights with little oversight. Conclusion The Juvenile Justice system varies state-to-state and even further between cities or counties within a state. Decentralized justice systems do not work in the adult system and the same fate should be expected in the juvenile justice system. Fortunately, there has been much growth and it continues to improve as more services are offered to divert offenders. Juvenile offenders are not inherently criminals and we must also ensure they are afforded the same rights as adults while not forgetting many simply made a bad choice. Fair and effective judicial procedures are the basis of our criminal justice system whether it is juvenile or adult. These basic constitutional rights should be afforded to all.

Islam Religion - 2627 Words

Name: Jennifer Thomas Professor’s Name: Dr. Peter Youmans Class: RS 130 â€Å"Intro to Comparative Religion† Date: October, 19 2012 I grew up in a household that believed in Christianity and we went to church every Sunday. That church was my foundation, my love and honestly, it was all I knew. At that time, in my community anything other than Christianity just wasn’t accepted and I often wondered why. Although I thoroughly love Christianity, I still wanted to explore our other worldly religions. In doing this paper, I realized that this was the perfect opportunity to do just that. In my research, I realized that there is such a vast majority and trying to choose just one was going to be difficult but I prevailed. The one religion†¦show more content†¦In which, this began the revelation of the Quran. Muhammad continued having similar revelations until he passed in 632. It is unknown whether the Quran was compiled in the lifetime of the Prophet or if it was during the first caliph Abu Bakr (632-634). The Quran that exist today was made Holy by Uthman ibn Affan (653-65 6). Also during this time, Uthman burned and destroyed all other ancient texts. So because of this it has been difficult for scholars to differentiate other text because no others exist. Variations in early manuscripts of the Quran cause scholars to debate the validity of the Quran as a whole. The text of the Quran used today is taken from one of the seven readings used and was chosen my Ibn Mujahid in the 10th century (The New Encyclopedia of Islam). I was very interested in learning what role women play in the Shia Islam religion. I know some people assume that women are not equal to men in the Western part of the world. We get that idea from the dramatics of television and this concept isn’t entirely accurate. History and the Muslim world defines the relationship between women and Islam is complex. The Quran clearly states that men and women are equal(â€Å"The New Encyclopedia of Islam†). Men are described as protectors and maintainers of women. When it is said that men maintain women it is referring to the relationship of husband and wife. Women described as righteous are devoutly obedient and are to guard in the absence of a husbandShow MoreRelatedIslam Is A Religion Of Islam2646 Words   |  11 PagesIslam is Peace said by George W Bush the U.S. President at Islamic Center of Washington, D.C after the terrible 9/11 attacks. The president’s speech’s main point was to calm down the American streets and the fear inside the citizens towards Muslims people. However, Islam is a religion that is found globally and guided by the Sharia laws which are in their religious book called the Quran. They worship their God Allah through his messenger Mohammed. 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Personal And Professional Accountability And Opportunities...

Regardless of what career a person holds, there will always be personal/professional accountability and opportunities for advancement. The nursing profession is a unique field that evolves based on evidence-based practice as well as advances in medicine and technology. As such, the nursing profession requires nurses to not only stay up to date about latest practices but also advance themselves. One way that nurses stay current is by continuing to pursue advance degrees and certificates through education and taking on higher positions in their profession. Finally, nurses must be accountable for their actions both personally and personally in order to protect their patient’s privacy and health. For example, if a nurse makes a medication error and reports it there is an increased chance of preventing harm and/or death of a patient. In the following essay the writer will reflect on her personal and professional accountability as well as what her career goals are for the future. Personal and professional accountability is very important in nursing because it ensures that nurses are providing safe and efficient patient care. Some personal strengths that this writer possess are caring attitude and having work-life balance. A few professional accountabilities that this writer possess is good time management, not being prejudice towards co-workers and/or patients and being conscious of financial cost of wasted resources. For example, not taking unnecessary material and/or linensShow MoreRelatedProfessional Development And Continuous Learning999 Words   |  4 PagesPOLICY This Policy stems from the view that professional development and continuous learning are necessary to maintain the quality of the University staff and their continued readiness and ability to contribute effectively to the mission and goals of the University. 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Do People Have Some Rights Just By free essay sample

Bing Human? Essay, Research Paper Do people hold some rights merely by being human? This inquiry is concerned with whether or non it is possible for # 8216 ; natural rights # 8217 ; to be. # 8216 ; Natural # 8217 ; rights are rights which we have # 8216 ; of course # 8217 ; as worlds, in other words rights which we inherently have, merely by being human. A big job with replying this inquiry is that of specifying the term # 8216 ; rights # 8217 ; , a inquiry to which the reply has been really elusive throughout the history of political analysis. The undermentioned probe into the possibility of # 8216 ; natural rights # 8217 ; will get down with an effort to make a on the job definition of a rights, and will so continue to analyze the kernel of humanity and the roots of what is a # 8216 ; right # 8217 ; , to see if it is possible to hold a # 8216 ; right # 8217 ; merely by being human. Questions refering society, freedom and morality will all be seen to originate, and will be dealt with consequently. A most of import effort at specifying rights is Richard Dworkin # 8217 ; s metaphor of # 8216 ; Rights as Trumps # 8217 ; . This is basically comparing a rights to a trump in a card game, one which overrides what would otherwise hold one the manus. Put in a political scenario, this metaphor maps as therefore: Society may hold and keep a set of regulations and Torahs enforcing on and curtailing persons behaviour. A right is something to which the person is entitled that will be ensured over and above the civil Torahs and regulations of the land. The being of these rights is a manner that persons have a grade of sovereignty over the province, where civil Torahs are the tools of the province # 8217 ; s sovereignty over persons. This balance should make a state of affairs which is morally justifiable. A job with this philosophy when it comes to # 8216 ; natural rights # 8217 ; , nevertheless, is the trust on the being of society to supply a definition of a right. A # 8216 ; natural right # 8217 ; is one which should be able to be derived without the being of a society, since it should be inherently clear from our humanity. It is possible to gestate of a state of affairs in which a homo being exists outside of society, so many doctrines are based on there holding been a pre-social period of human being. Although this is doubtful, it is of import to warrant a natural right through analyzing a individual homo being, since it is in the kernel of humanity where the # 8216 ; natural right # 8217 ; must be found. Another job with this effort at a definition of rights, is that it puts small accent of the importance of morality when doing statements about rights. Dworkin # 8217 ; s thesis defines a right without mention to any ethical motives, yet any opinion over rights is about ever a moral opinion. It shall be seen that any probe of rights furuncles down to a moral probe, and this presents important jobs. These shall be tackled at a ulterior phase, but foremost this analysis will see how deep it is possible to perforate the inquiry of # 8216 ; natural rights # 8217 ; without floating into moral statements. The historically most important manner of warranting # 8216 ; natural rights # 8217 ; is through statement such as # 8216 ; Men are born free # 8217 ; . This sort of statement, although non explicit in saying a # 8216 ; right # 8217 ; as such, however has been the root of a figure of political establishments, such as the Gallic and American revolutions. The statement above implies an built-in equality and freedom in world, and this has been taken by bookmans to agencies that it implies certain # 8216 ; natural rights # 8217 ; . Equality is seen from the deduction of statements such as the one above that there is no ground for society to randomly delegate a certain single higher position # 8211 ; from the coloring material of their tegument, gender, or state of affairs into which they were born. Possible expostulations to the usage of statements such as these are seldom publically voiced, as they would look to collide with what seems to be the footing of any merely society, yet it is non hard to happen jobs with premises like # 8216 ; work forces are born equal # 8217 ; . First, and possibly most significantly, there is small empirical grounds to propose that this statement is true. If anything, grounds shows that worlds have widely changing properties such as intelligence, physical ability, beauty, etc. Besides, it could be argued that the statement by no agency implies equality # 8211 ; the statement is merely a moral image of what the universe should be, but in existent fact is non, like. Therefore, as this statement is non a contemplation of what human sort really is, it is so non possible to deduce the being of # 8216 ; natural rights # 8217 ; from it, as any decision must be of the field-grade officer rm: It is morally desirable that world should hold natural rights. This does non intend that there are natural rights, merely because we are human. A more elaborate scrutiny of natural rights can be done by size uping a pre-social single # 8211 ; a conjectural homo who exists on his ain. It must be seen whether or non it is possible to deduce any # 8216 ; rights # 8217 ; from this individual # 8217 ; s being entirely, and any rights therefore derived are clearly # 8216 ; natural # 8217 ; . One common definition of what it is to be human is that worlds have free will. Clearly, this person who lives in the universe by himself has this property # 8211 ; he is capable of pick, and hence has a grade of freedom. This does implore the inquiry, nevertheless, of whether or non the fact that this adult male is inherently free due to his capableness of pick agencies that he has the right to be free. Many political philosophers point this out as the one right that can outdo be described as # 8216 ; natural # 8217 ; . This averment shall be scrutinised here. The right to freedom, although it instantly appears to be a really desirable property for any person to hold and for any society to warrant, upon farther scrutiny proves to be more controversial. First, a definition of freedom is required, and this inquiry entirely has created regular mountains of philosophical statement. For simpleness # 8217 ; s interest, here, the definition of the right to freedom shall be the right to be without obstruction to carry through one # 8217 ; s wants. This raises several inquiries which cast uncertainties on the practicality of speech production of an built-in # 8216 ; right to freedom # 8217 ; . First, there is the inquiry of internal obstructions to carry throughing one # 8217 ; s wants. Internal obstructions are those such as weak-heartedness and selfishness which must be overcome when seeking to accomplish some long-run, higher end. It would look that these obstructions, as they deal with struggle in one # 8217 ; s ain wants, are irrelevant to the inquiry of rights, although they do hold a bearing on freedom. To work out this job it is necessary to go forth out internal barriers from our definition of freedom when discuss a human # 8217 ; s right to freedom. The 2nd such job is that it may be, in some fortunes, for society to be morally justified in puting external barriers to an persons freedom. This is a cardinal job, as can be seen by mentioning back to the original definition and intent of a right as stated above. If a right is a # 8216 ; trump # 8217 ; that protects against province subjugation, and is by definition morally correct, so it can non be the instance that it is possible for the province to be morally justified in go againsting an single # 8217 ; s right to freedom. This does look to raise uncertainties that it is justifiable to talk of a # 8216 ; natural # 8217 ; right to freedom. This concluding point seems to demo that it is impossible to continue in our treatment of natural rights without get downing to do moral statements. It can be seen that in every instance of struggle between rights of persons, and civil Torahs, there is a moral premise over what is most good for society. This reflects the fact that most society map on a signifier of utilitarianism, where the greatest good for the greatest figure by and large seems to be the purpose of province and society. This is non followed in its strictest from, but when doing opinions over whether or non it is allowable for a signifier of the right to freedom to be violated, it is by and large investigated to see if more people in the society will profit from the misdemeanor of that single # 8217 ; s rights. One illustration is traffic codifications. The limitation on any person from driving nevertheless they please, although a misdemeanor of their right to freedom, creates greater safety for a great figure of p eople, and therefore is morally desirable. As can be seen, so, the treatment of natural rights is an inherently moral one. Moral inquiry create ferocious statements, as it is about impossible to specify a complete set of definite moral criterions, taking into history different civilizations and conflicting beliefs and involvements. It is possible, nevertheless, to take the probe of natural rights a just distance before making the trap of doing moral statements. It can be seen that a right, although it is merely functional as protection against province subjugation, can be derived from that being of a individual person, in the signifier of the right to freedom. This does raise many other inquiries about freedom in general, and how it is possible to associate the functions of the person and society utilizing the rights of an person and the Torahs of society. 365

The Fairy Tales Of Gun Control Essays - Firearms, Gun Politics

The Fairy Tales Of Gun Control The Fairy Tales of Gun Control When a madman in Dunblane, Great Britain rampages and kills 16 children, it was the fuel politicians needed to fire the anti-gun movement. Great Britain banned the sale and ownership of handguns in 1997. But nobody expected the surge of violent crime that followed. Britains rate of assault, robbery, and burglary now exceed those in the United States. Murder and rape figures are now getting closer to U.S. rates. Between 1997 and 1999 were the highest murder rates in the past 10 years. According to Dr. Timothy Wheeler, American news media have virtually ignored this amazing change, even as politicians push more stringent, British-style gun-control. Gun control would not work in the U.S. because it would diminish public safety, raise crime rates, and boost the illegal sale of firearms. The public view of the gun is that it is used to commit violent crimes. But the truth is that the gun is also used everyday to protect the public. Every law officers and enforcement agent uses guns to control everyday criminal activity and protect the public. But public citizens to protect themselves and others also use the gun. One such case is the Pearl High School shooting. Joel Myrick, an assistant principal at the school, heard shoots and herded students into his office and locked up the door behind him. Myrick remembered that he had his .45 automatic in his car because he always takes a weapon whenever he travels. Myrick ran to his car and after getting his gun, he chased down the shooter, Luke Woodham, and forced him onto the ground as they waited for police to arrive. As Kenneth Smith reported, anyone reading the local paper would have known all about Joel Myricks heroics. But anyone watching a national evening newscast wouldnt have known that it took an armed man to stop the shooting. Another such case were a gun was used to protect the public was in Edinboro, Pennsylvania. In April 1998, a 14 year-old student walked into a school dance with a .25-caliber handgun and opened fire, killing a science teacher and wounding several students. When he fled the scene, the owner or the hall, James Strand, chased him down with a shotgun into a field and held him for 11 minutes until police arrived. Kenneth Smith reports that New York Daily News said only that Strand had persuaded the shooter to surrender and the shotgun was never mentioned. In May 1998, gun education stopped 15-year old Kip Kinkel from his shooting spree in the cafeteria of Thurston High School in Springfield, Oregon. At one time, he pointed a .22 caliber semiautomatic rifle at a students head and attempted to fire three times but nothing happened. Jacob Ryker, who was shot in the lungs, Charged 15 feet and tackled Kinkel and disarmed him. Kenneth Smith wrote ABCs Ted Koppel credited Ryker with halting the shooting, non-of the specific details were given and the program quickly turne d into another debate on gun control. Kenneth Smiths retaliation in his report was Ryker knew when to attack Kinkel because Ryker knew the gun was out of ammunition. Ryker and his family were hunters and target shooters and his familiarity with firearms helped to stop the shooting. Secondly, gun control would raise the crime rates in the U.S. The public would not be able to protect themselves against criminals with illegal firearms. Even Darrel Scott, whose 17 year-old daughter, died in the Columbine massacre, is skeptic of the new gun control measures. Scott argues, No amount of laws can stop someone who spends months planning this type of massacre. Furthermore, as reporter Kenneth Smith points out, a Florida State University study says Americans use guns to defend themselves as many as 2.5 million a year. In most cases, the gun were not fired but was used to deter the criminals. In addition, when Great Britain banned the sale and ownership of handguns in 1997, crime rates rose dramatically in the following year. As Doctor Timothy Wheeler point out, in 1998, BBC News reported that violence against a person rose by 16% and sexual offenses rose by 4.5%. The robbery

Consecuencias de tener bebé en EE.UU. como turista

Consecuencias de tener bebà © en EE.UU. como turista Tener un hijo en Estados Unidos mientras se est en el paà ­s en condicià ³n de turista puede tener consecuencias migratorias positivas y tambià ©n muy negativas. Esto aplica a aquellas personas extranjeras que ingresan con visa de turista, con visa lser tambià ©n conocida como tarjeta de cruce y, por à ºltimo, a los que ingresan sin visa bajo el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados. En este artà ­culo se explica el efecto positivo y por el que realmente los padres pueden sentirse inclinados a que su bebà © nazca en Estados Unidos. Pero tambià ©n se hace referencia pormenorizada a las posibles consecuencias negativas, ya que cada vez son ms frecuentes y, por regla general, puede decirse que los padres nunca piensan en ellas, hasta que se encuentran con el problema. Por à ºltimo, se explica cà ³mo evitar las consecuencias negativas para lo cual se menciona cul es el costo medio de dar a luz en Estados Unidos, el paà ­s de todo el mundo donde es ms caro nacer. Consecuencias positivas cuando turista da a luz en EE.UU. Todos los bebà ©s nacidos en el paà ­s son ciudadanos americanos desde el momento de su nacimiento con la excepcià ³n de los hijos de diplomticos que se encuentran en Estados Unidos en dicha funcià ³n. En este caso, el bebà © adquiere la nacionalidad de sus padres. El resto de bebà ©s, es decir, los que no son hijos de diplomticos destinados en Estados Unidos, adquieren la ciudadanà ­a en virtud de lo que se conoce como ius soli. Es indiferente el estatus migratorio de los padres, tampoco importa  si residen habitualmente en Estados Unidos o solamete estn de paso o disfrutando una temporada. Con el acta de nacimiento del recià ©n nacido se puede obtener un pasaporte para el menor, teniendo en cuenta que para solicitarlo han de estar presentes el bebà © y los dos padres y, si no fuera posible la presencia de ambos, hay que cumplir con otros requisitos legales. El nià ±o o la nià ±a ser ciudadanos americanos de por vida, a menos que renuncien expresamente a ser estadounidenses o de adultos realicen alguna accià ³n que tenga como castigo la pà ©rdida de la nacionalidad. Seguirn siendo estadounidenses aunque al poco de nacer regresen al paà ­s de sus paps y vivan all el resto de sus vidas y adquieran tambià ©n la ciudadanà ­a de los padres. En cuanto a posibles derechos migratorios de los paps de un nià ±o ciudadano americano hay que decir que existen muchas ideas equivocadas, ya que un ciudadano estadounidense menor de 21 aà ±os jams puede reclamar papeles para sus padres. Y aà ºn en ese caso existen là ­mites segà ºn el estatus migratorio de los padres en Estados Unidos. En otras palabras, dar a luz en Estados Unidos no da derecho a los padres a quedarse en el paà ­s ni a regular la situacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, hay que tener en cuenta otra cuestià ³n importante, que es la de la doble nacionalidad. Estados Unidos no pone problemas a la hora de que un bebà © nacido en el paà ­s adquiera tambià ©n otra nacionalidad por razà ³n de sus padres. Sin embargo, no todos los paà ­ses admiten la doble nacionalidad, por lo tanto ese es un tema que cada padre y madre debe verificar con su embajada o consulado. Consecuencias negativas de tener un hijo en EE.UU. como turista Para evitar tener problemas hay que tener un seguro mà ©dico o pagar del propio bolsillo todos los gastos mà ©dicos derivados del nacimiento. En este punto destacar que es prcticamente imposible obtener un seguro mà ©dico en Estados Unidos o en otro paà ­s que cubra a los turistas los gastos de dar a luz. Esto significa en la prctica que el padre y/o la madre deben hacerse cargo de los gastos del nacimiento del bebà © y de posibles cuidados mà ©dicos que necesite la madre. El problema es que en Estados Unidos dar a luz es muy caro, si bien hay importantes diferencias entre estados. Asà ­, segà ºn datos de International Federation of Health Plans, el costo medio de dar a luz de forma natural y sin complicaciones es de $10.808. En el caso de ser necesaria una cesrea, el costo medio es de $51.125, segà ºn datos de Childbirth Connection. Los gastos se incrementan en el caso de complicaciones, partos prematuros y necesidad de incubadora o partos mà ºltiples. En muchas ocasiones los paps extranjeros desconocen que estos son los costos y cuando llega el momento del parto acuden al hospital sin seguro mà ©dico y sin dinero suficiente para cubrir los costos. En estos casos, se le asigna un trabajador social y el recibo ocasionado por el nacimiento lo cubre Medicaid  de Emergencia, un seguro gubernamental que cubre los gastos mà ©dicos de los estadounidenses ms pobres y de ciertos extranjeros como residentes permanentes legales en casos muy concretos, refugiados y asilados. Y aquà ­ es donde se origina el problema, al ocasionar un gasto a las arcas pà ºblicas americanas y convertirse asà ­ en lo que se conoce como una carga pà ºblica. Posibles consecuencias de no pagar gastos de nacimiento Si no se paga por el nacimiento de un bebà © y Medicaid se hace cargo del gasto pueden surgir graves problemas migratorios. En primer lugar, la visa de ambos padres puede ser revocada o cancelada. Para entender esto hay que recordar que una de las condiciones para que se conceda la visa en primer lugar es probar que no se va a ser una carga pà ºblica para el gobierno americano. Y al dejar sin pagar una factura mà ©dica a la que debe hacer frente Medicaid se ha hecho precisamente eso. Por lo tanto, es muy posible quedarse sin visa. Adems, puede que el titular de la visa no se entere de que à ©sta ha sido cancelada hasta que intenta entrar de nuevo a Estados Unidos y se encuentra con problemas en la aduana y que no se le permite la entrada. Asimismo, puede suceder que cuando se va al consulado a renovar la visa, se niegue la solicitud. Esto aplica tambià ©n a los padres con visa lser y a los que ingresaron sin visa por el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados. En este caso, podrà ­an perder este privilegio. El problema no suele surgir de inmediato, sino en el momento de renovar la visa o la ESTA o cuando se solicita la renovacià ³n del pasaporte estadounidense del hijo. Por el tipo de preguntas que se realizan en los formularios queda claro que el bebà © nacià ³ cuando la mam estaba como turista en Estados Unidos y se pueden hacer preguntas para determinar si los padres pagaron por el parto y pueden demostrarlo o, por el contrario, si fueron una carga pà ºblica.  ¿Es posible arreglar el problema pagando ms tarde a Medicaid? No, no es posible. Esto lo intentan muchos padres cuando se encuentra con el problema entre las manos. Pero Medicaid simplemente no tiene establecido un trmite para recuperar el dinero en estos casos, sà ³lo cuando ha habido fraude. A consecuencia de ello, esa deuda queda siempre ahà ­ pendiente y puede ser el origen de muchos disgustos relacionados con rechazos de visas y otras peticiones migratorias.  ¿Quà © hacer cuando se viaja a EE.UU. para evitar estos problemas? La solucià ³n es viajar siempre con un buen seguro mà ©dico y/o con dinero suficiente para hacer frente a gastos sanitarios. Es muy importante tener en cuenta que los gastos mà ©dicos en Estados Unidos son altà ­simos y que un parto sin complicacià ³n alguna puede costar varios miles de dà ³lares. Hay que destacar que muchos seguros mà ©dicos excluyen cubrir por un parto en el extranjero y que ningà ºn seguro mà ©dico de Estados Unidos va a cubrir por un parto de una persona de otro paà ­s que quiere venir a dar a luz aquà ­. Si pagà ³ por el parto es muy recomendable que lleve consigo las facturas siempre que viaje a Estados Unidos. Si surge un problema en la aduana por este motivo, conveniente tener a mano justificacià ³n del pago. Tambià ©n es altamente recomendable  no quedarse ms tiempo del permitido, ni siquiera alegando que se recià ©n se tuvo un bebà © y que estaba muy chiquito para viajar o que estaba enfermo o la madre no estaba recuperada del parto. Esa no es razà ³n vlida para permanecer en Estados Unidos ms all del tiempo autorizado.   Precisamente para evitar posibles problemas en los que se puede incurrir por ignorancia, es recomendable  tomar este  quiz, trivial o test sobre visas  de gran ayuda para conocer lo fundamental sobre cà ³mo obtener la visa y cà ³mo conservarla. Curiosidad sobre bebà ©s hispanos en Estados Unidos El alto à ­ndice de nacimientos latinos en Estados Unidos ha colocado a los hispanos como la minorà ­a ms numerosa, habiendo sobrepasado a los afroamericanos. Un reflejo de ello es que tres apellidos hispanos se encuentran entre los 10 ms comunes. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso en particular.

Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Industrial Revolution - Essay Example d politics, thereby stimulating varied other disempowered and marginalized sections of the society to strive for empowerment and a fair share in the national income. Capital emerged as the pivotal factor of production. This led to a greater polarization of opinion on both sides that are the labor and the capitalists, thereby both sections getting more organized and politicized. One negative thing about Industrial Revolution was that it envisaged earth as an external resource to serve as a fodder for the industrial engine of growth. In the long run it not only resulted in an irreversible depletion of natural resources and the commensurate pollution, but led to the contemporary challenges like global warming. There is no denying the fact that the map set by Industrial Revolution is not absolutely relevant in the current times marked by the emergence of new priorities like sustainable development and corporate social

A Taste of Honey Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Taste of Honey - Movie Review Example never wrote anything at all in her entire life and she wrote it with all gritty realism and the overweening bravado of a veteran playwright. The question on everybody's lips was 'where on earth had she extracted all those emotions and experiences' The answer could lie on her own background. A daughter of working-class parents and herself born and reared in the shabby, squalid environment of Salford, she could only be gifted with a keen, perceptive insight of things, an empathy for the socially marginalised and an innate talent for accurately depicting the world as she saw it . Plot Synopsis of A Taste of Honey The play opens with a fortyish mother Helen squabbling with her 18-year old daughter on trivial matters such as how to prepare coffee and other paltry issues. Both have just transferred to this new squalid apartment. Helen's paramour, Peter who is much younger than Helen suddenly barged in and is surprised to learn that Helen has a daughter and invites her to come with him for a drinking bout. Rejected, he offers her marriage while at the same time boasting to Jo his collection of girlfriends as shown in the many women's photos in his wallet. The next scene introduces Jo's suitor, a young black man who is a sailor-on leave for the Christmas holidays. He offers to marry Jo which Jo assented to. After 'The Boy' has left, Helen comes to announce her wedding with Peter and that she is leaving Jo to live with Peter in his house. Jo wept in abject desolation and was comforted by The Boy, who in Jo's misery and... The play opens with a fortyish mother Helen squabbling with her 18-year old daughter on trivial matters such as how to prepare coffee and other paltry issues. Both have just transferred to this new squalid apartment. Helen’s paramour, Peter who is much younger than Helen suddenly barged in and is surprised to learn that Helen has a daughter and invites her to come with him for a drinking bout. Rejected, he offers her marriage while at the same time boasting to Jo his collection of girlfriends. The next scene introduces Jo’s suitor, a young black man who is a sailor-on leave for the Christmas holidays. He offers to marry Jo which Jo assented to. After ‘The Boy’ has left, Helen comes to announce her wedding with Peter and that she is leaving Jo to live with Peter in his house. Jo wept in abject desolation and was comforted by The Boy, who is Jo’s misery and loneliness was invited to spend one week with her. Jo’s depression is further compounded by Helen’s revelation that Jo is, in reality, her daughter by the village idiot with whom she had a one-night stand. She further relates that this is the reason she was divorced by Jo’s putative father. Distraught with the thought that she could have inherited idiocy-tainted genes, Jo is left on the brink of despondency while Helen prepares for her wedding. The next scene shows a six-month pregnant Jo, courtesy of The Boy, with her gay friend and housemate Geoff. He was evicted in his own apartment on account of his homosexuality and thus Jo offered him a place to stay.

Samsung Organisational Structure

Samsung Organisational Structure Samsung was named by Lee Byung-chul, founder of Samsung Electronics when he established the Samsung Trading Company on March, 1938. Sam in Samsung is defined as strong, abundant and big; while Sung means high and bright. (Chnag, J. H., 2010) Interestingly, Samsungs origin was not involving electronics. Initially, Chairman Lee set up a trade export company in Korea that sold fish, vegetables, and fruit to China. Start from 1958, Samsung began to expand into other industries such as media, financial, ship building and chemicals and Samsung Electronics was established under subsidiary of Samsung Group in 1969. (Samsung History) The company then expanded to semiconductor business and became the first chip-making facilities in the country during that time. Samsung Electronics focused on four areas which are digital media, semiconductor, telecommunication network and LCD digital appliances. (Wikipedia, 2012) In 1993, the lightest mobile phone of its era was developed. (Samsung History) Fin ally, it surpassed Sony to become worlds twentieth-largest and most popular brand. Samsung was the worlds largest manufacturer of OLEDs with 40% market share worlds wide and 90% share of global AMOLED market. More than 600 American patents and 2800 international patent are owned by Samsung Electronics in 2006 that makes it as the largest owner of AMOLED technology patents. The company also became the second-largest mobile-phone maker beating Motorola in 2007 for the first time. In 2009, it became worlds largest technology company overtaking Hewlett-Packard measure by sales. In 2010, it produces 30 nm-class DRAMs and 20 nm-class NAND flashes which were the first time in the world. At 2011, it is the worlds largest mobile phone maker and second-largest semiconductor chip maker. Samsung Electronics became the largest smartphone vendor due to sales of Galaxy SII and Galaxy Note devices. (Wikipedia, 2012) Contents: Mechanistic organization is a bureaucratic organization which adheres to the chain-of-command principle, with each person controlled and supervised by one superior. The structure of this organization is taller than organic organization. Also, many rules are developed and the decision making process is centralized. Each employee has fixed duties and the communication channels are formalized in such rigid hierarchical relationship. Samsung Electronics is a type of mechanistic organizational structure because it has rigid hierarchical relationships. Figure 1 and figure 2 show the chain of command in the company, which extending from upper organizational levels to lower level that clarifies who reports to whom. Figure 2 shows that there are lots of departments under the control of Chief Executive Office. Employees have their fixed duties in respective department. For instance, employees who are specialized in producing chips are working under chips manufacturer whereas employees who are highly skilled in producing mobile phones are working under mobile phone manufacturer. (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2012) These two figures also clearly show that Samsung Electronics is composed of tall organizational structure. All of the powerful authorities are held by the top management of the company which is Lee Kun Hee , the chairman of the Samsung Electronics with the help of the Office of Secretaries and sometimes referred to as emperor management or dictatorship. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Office of Secretaries helped chairman to control an d direct the individual affiliates. Their main function are finance and accounting, auditing, planning, public relations, and human resource management, including the hiring and firing of all executives within the organization. Even the important strategic decision and sizable investment decision have to be examined by the office first. The percentage of decision made by the chairman is 20%; by Office of Secretaries is 40%; by affiliate presidents is 40%.(Chang, S. J., 2008)In other word, all of the important decisions are decided by the chairman, Office of Secretaries and affiliate presidents. As such, Samsung Electronics implement centralized decision authority. The communication channel of Samsung Electronics is formalized. Formalization describes how an organizations jobs are standardized and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures. This element makes the process of succession routine and regular. Thus, there will be minimal disturbance to an organization function if there are people being replaced. In Samsung, the personnel function is under CFO while CFO reports to and receives orders from CEO. (Chang, S. J., 2008) For instance, when the company needs to make an investment, the proposal is written by the related business unit. Then, the proposal is reviewed by the finance department, which is then passed to finance team of Office of Secretaries after CFO reports the proposal to CEO. Finally, the proposal is approved by Office of Secretaries and Chairman. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Many rules could be found in Samsung Electronics and this match with the characteristic of mechanistic organization. According to Samsung Electronics Global Code of Conduct, all the employees should follow the codes and the business principles to comply with laws and ethical practices as well as to express their commitment to social responsibility. (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. [SECL], 2006) The global code of conduct is served as behavioral guidelines and judgmental standards for the employees, which encompass the elimination of nationality or gender discrimination, transparent disclosure of business information, customer information protection and partner collaboration. For example, according to principle 2-2-2 from the Global Code of Conduct, the company will ensure that any proprietary information acquired through its business activities shall be recorded and safely kept and managed as intellectual property. In 2011, zero-tolerance principle was declared in all cases of miscondu ct and unethical business on Law Day. All employees and executives have to sign a pledge of compliance to agree of taking responsibility for any violation or misconduct. (Soung, S. S., Eui, H. J., Dae, S. P., Jin, Y. L. Yun, J. S., 2012) Planning: Planning includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities. In Samsung, their vision is set by the top management that is Inspire the world, create the future. This vision 2020 shows that their commitment in inspiring the world by improving their three key strengths which are New Technology, Innovative Products, Creative Solutions and also promotes Samsung Electronics core network which are industry, partners and employees with the effort to contribute a better world and with lot of experiences for all. Besides, Samsung also aims to achieve one of the top five brands in the world by 2020 and established three strategic approaches in management which are creativity, partnership and talent. (Vision, 1995-2012) Leading: Leading includes motivating employees, directing the activities of others, selecting the most effective communication channel, and resolving conflicts. Office of Secretaries takes the leading role in Samsung as they carry out coordination whenever there are conflicts happen. (Chnag, J. H., 2010) However, the synergies may be created via involuntary cooperation or fiat as the business units have to accept its resolution. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Also, the Secretarial Offices spread company philosophy and improve business coordination and information, which are shared among affiliates. (Chnag, J. H., 2010) The employees of this company are motivated by the philosophy of living by strong values is the key to good business. Those values encompass people, excellence, change, integrity and co-prosperity, together with the Samsung code of conduct are the radical for them to make every decision. (About Samsung, 1995-2012) Organizing: Organizing includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and who will make the decisions. Samsung Electronics has a strong business division structure that is managed independently by business unit managers. The company is divided into five sectors, which are Digital Media, Semiconductors, Telecommunications, Digital Appliances and LCDs. Within these sectors, there are 13 Global Business Managers (GBM) who responsible to organize the firm along major product divisions in terms of personnel, sales, and production within their respective divisions. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Employees are divided according to their specialize and skills into different tasks to increase work output. (Robbins et al., 2012) Any proposal of investment that is written by GBM should be reviewed by the finance department, followed by CFO. Then, CFO reports to CEO. Finally, the proposal is approved by Office of Secretaries and Chairman. (Chan g, S. J., 2008) Controlling: Controlling includes monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations. In Samsung, the overall performances of BOD, CEO and employees are controlled by Audit Committee, which has a broad range of audit right from top to bottom. (Ethics Management, 1995-2008) For example, they have the right to inquire about financial reports from the BOD and employees at any time, the right to claim to suspend illegal activity of the company BOD member, the right to call a general shareholders meeting and so on. There are also separate audit teams that under the direct control of CEO with the responsible of encouraging employees to adhere to the practice of management by ethics. (Ethics Management, 1995-2008) A) What seem to be the most important things leading to the success of the Samsung Electronics? To be successful, Samsung Electronics is going global. Samsung Electronics is pushing the Galaxy S smartphone to challenge Apple Inc.s iPhone and narrow the gap with leader Nokia Oyj. It helped Samsung Electronics quadruple annual revenue to139 trillion won ($ 116 million) in the 10 years that ended in 2009. Samsung Electronics shares rose 10-fold during that time. (Lee, Y., 2010) Also, Samsung Electronics has the good planning skills as they able to see the business opportunity in the industry and set the particular goals to pursue. They able to spot the areas, which are small but growing fast. (Samsung, 2011) Such areas that spotted by Samsung are capital-intensive. Thus, it is difficult for their rivals to keep up. First, Samsung will tiptoe into the technology in the industry to get familiar with it. Then, they will wait for the suitable moment that the window of opportunity opens. For example, in 2001, Samsung catch the opportunity of rapid growth of the liquid-crystal displays that cause the dive of the price. They turned the liquid-crystal displays into televisions. (Samsung, 2011) Samsung Electronics is innovative in software and David Yoffie, a professor at Havard Business School in Boston said Leading radical innovation in the technology world today requires strength in software, not just hardware. (Lee, Y., 2010). Samsung Electronics has grown by studying their rivals to improve manufacturing and design. Samsung electronics also hired a group of Japanese Design Consultant to evaluate Samsung designers. Besides, their experienced designers are sent to work abroad in diverse industries. By doing this, Samsung design strategy could involve several initiatives and they began to implement a global brand communication strategy. As new technologies are being constantly introduced to the market, Samsung engineers strive to understand what customers need ahead of competitors and adjust their thinking to develop original and innovative products that will meet those needs as well as new technologies to lead the future market. Thus, the new markets had pioneered contin uously by them. (Samsung Electronics: Success By Design, 2008) B) What do you see as the major challenges facing by Samsung Electronics over the next five years? The major challenge that will be faced by Samsung Electronics over the next five years is how to build a stronger and better global brand. This is why the Samsungs global marketing director need to assess in how to build the global brand reputation of the company further and upgrade the companys worldwide brand image to compete with Apple brand which has dominated the market share especially in Western Europe. The challenge of Samsungs marketing director is the branding strategies in global markets and the marketing team has to examine the organizational dynamics to develop a stronger global brand that recognized by worldwide. Another challenge that will be faced by Samsung Electronics is the competition over the market share especially in smart phone. In this fast paced economic conditions, Samsung need to continue produce more and more of the smart phone with improved version and attractive design to meet with the rapid economic growth. The company needs to invest and introduce more of the new technology and incorporate the software and application into the new gadgets so that it will not lose out to another competitor. Innovation and creativity are important in this to attract the gadget lover and if the company fails to come out with a new and appealing product, they will be overcome by another competitor such as Apple, HTC or Nokia. Findings: Samsung electronics have a centralized structure making the top management own the authorities and powers over all the important decisions. This make the decision making process fast and swift and can carry out quickly. In this way, organization is more efficient as implementation of any plans, ideas or policies can be carried out quickly without any delay and this is very important especially to deal with the fast paced economic and competition in market. This is supported by a study in journal by Choong Y.Lee. (Choong, Y. L., 2012) However, overly centralization in organization is also not good for the company. All of the important decisions are made by the top management while the middle and first line management cannot voice out their opinions but to follow the order of the top. If the decision made by the top management is incorrect, it can affect the company business and thus lowering the company profits. Therefore, a good leadership is important to lead the company. This is su pported by the professor Chang Sea-Jin which stated there is no guarantee that good leader will sustain and even they can make mistake as well in his book review. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Samsung Electronics are having hierarchical management structure which reflects the importance of seniority in the Korean culture. The hierarchical structure brings synergy when things are going well but could potentially be disastrous if one part of the process goes away from planned. (Kim, J.C., 2012) This is supported by Professor John Kotter in his article Havard Business Review that hierarchical organizational are often inflexible. Hierarchical organization work in standardized processes but does not useful in dynamic environments. They are slow to react to new opportunities, which often require transformative change. (Basu, C., 2012) Also, according to researchers G.M. Stalker and T. Burns, mechanistic organizations use hierarchical top-down structures while organic organizations use more flexible structures and work best in fluid and unpredictable business climates.ÂÂ  Organic structures depend on personal interactions rather than a formal chain of command that allow the organization to respond quickly and effectively to changing circumstances in ways that the hierarchical structure cannot. Samsung Electronics should make it business to understand such structure so that it can have the benefits of both. (Thompson, S., 2012) Samsung Electronics has many rules and regulations that are governed by the top managers of the organization. When the top managers are unable to control the lower-level activities, they themselves will substitute the rules and regulations. Since they have the authority to hire and fire the executives and employees in the organization anytime, the employees have to accept the tasks given by the managers and follow whatever they said. Employees are constantly observed and monitored by top managers during their working period to ensure that they are not making any mistakes or violating the rules. Consequently, fatigue are accumulated when employees are working under such great pressures that known as organizational fatigue. Moreover, employees of Samsung Electronics have to comply the Global Code of Conduct, which consists of a number of principles. (SECL, 2006) For instance, under principle 1-4-1, it stated that employees shall not attribute their personal political opinions and conduct to the company, or cause such opinions or conduct to be attributed to the company. Besides, principle 2-4-3 showed that the company will not allow its officers and employees, while in office, to act as number of boards of company with conflicts of interest or participate in competitive business activities. (SECL, 2006) There are still a large amount of rules and principles that the employees should comply with and that can be referred from the Global Code of Conduct, 2006. The management of Samsung Electronics is known as fear-based management. The employees have to be loyal to their company in order to stay in the company. However, organizational fatigue will bring negative effects to the company. If the employees or executives are dismissed against their wills for any reasons by the top managers such as the chairman or the Office of Secretaries, their anger will lead to their betrayal and loss their loyalty. (Chang, S. J., 2008) There were several cases on which the employees of Samsung Electronics tried to sell the proprietary technologies to Samsungs competitors and to other companies. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Conclusion: In a nutshell, Samsung Electronics has a mechanistic organizational structure as it has rigid hierarchical relationships and tall organizational structure. In the company, each employee has fixed duties and they have to follow lots of rules. Also, the decision making process is centralized and the communication channel is formalized. In Samsung, the goals or visions are planned by the top management. Office of Secretaries takes the leading role as they responsible to solve the conflicts as well as help the chairman to control and direct the individual affiliates. Besides, they also spread the company philosophy to motivate the employees. Samsung Electronics is divided into Digital Media, Semiconductors, Telecommunications, Digital Appliances and LCDs, which are managed by business unit managers. The overall performances of Samsung Electronics organization are controlled by Audit Committee. In this assignment, we have learned the characteristics of the two types of organizational structures, which are mechanistic organization and organic organization that concern the work specialization, departmentalization, authority and responsible, centralization and decentralization, span of control and formalization. After analyzing these factors and searching all the related information of Samsung Electronics, we could conclude that this company is a mechanistic organization. Thus, our analyzing ability could be strengthen when carry out this assignment. Besides, we have a better understanding to recognize and differentiate these two organization models. Furthermore, more knowledge about this company could be gained during the research.

Demanding Creativity: A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia :: Essays Papers

Demanding Creativity: A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia For a growing number of people in the twentieth century United States, the phrase "twenty-first century" evokes the current prominence and future promise of information-age technology. The wonders of e-mail, Web browsing, and "wired" classrooms have descended upon all of us, and these developments have made lasting contributions to the way we think, organize our time, plan our activities, and interact with other people.1 With each passing year, more and more groups and individuals embrace computer technology—most notably, the Internet—for personal and professional purposes, and teachers, scholars, schools, and institutes seem to be at the forefront of this movement. In general, this trend remains in an incipient stage, as the mystique of the Internet has not fully given way to the established use of it, and as profound socio-economic disparities within our society keep the promise and implementation of any computer-based activity out of the reach of some educators and m any students.2 Even in the colleges, universities, and privileged school districts where the technological revolution has been solidly institutionalized for teaching and research purposes, there exist among today’s students—Don Tapscott’s "Net Generation" or "N-Gen"—significant disparities in interest and familiarity with the medium that defines them.3 The twenty first century as a special moment in the history of the technologizing of society may indeed be overstated, but it is certain that Internet technology exercises a direct influence on select aspects of our society, and this phenomenon has affected and continues to affect the people and institutions of society that have remained at the margins of technologization.4 In particular, the process of creation and consumption of Internet technology in certain circles of United States society has emerged from and reinforced an image culture established during this century by the mass popularity of blockbuster cinema and broadcast television.5 The predominantly visual nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of cinema and television has defined image culture in the United States, and image culture, in turn, has transformed and marginalized the primarily verbal nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of print culture. As image culture has established itself in our society, there has been no lack of cultural historians who have taken to print in order to lament the demise of print culture. Neil Postman argues in Amusing Ourselves to Death that this century’s triumph of television over books has weakened the quality of public discourse and thus has rendered education ineffectual.

Happy Loman’s Significance In Arthur Miller’s “Death Of A Salesman” Essay

The definition of the American Dream is an important theme that is woven throughout the attitudes and actions of Arthur Miller’s characters in his play The Death of A Salesman. Happy Loman, a character dominated by his material greed and desire to crush anyone standing between him and the almighty dollar, represents a skewed perspective of that Dream, a perspective shared by an increasingly large amount of Americans. Through his insatiable appetite for power, lust, and wealth, Happy Loman embodies the modern capitalist American Dream. And through his never-ending discontent and incessant feeling of unfulfillment, Happy also embodies the fallacy and shortcomings of that Dream. One could consider Happy Loman to be a success. He may not be the president of his company (in fact he is one of two assistants to an assistant buyer), but at roughly thirty years of age, he has a steady job and a place of his own. And he’s moving up in the world, he’s getting somewhere. And there’s nothing wrong with this. American society and capitalism in general is based on the Puritan individualist work ethic, which states that hard work breeds success and happiness. But Happy isn’t succeeding because he works hard, because he’s well liked, or because he’s exceptionally good at what he does. He’s succeeding through the neo-American shortcut to happiness, the modern American Dream, which encourages cut-throat competition at every level. Happy, much like millions of other Americans, is moving up in the world by defeating his competition, by destroying all of those in his way. On page 23 and 24, he says, â€Å"All I can do now is wait for the merchandise manager to die†Ã‚ ¦He’s a good friend of mine.† Happy desires more money, more power, and more responsibility strongly enough that he is willing to lose a good friend of his, just to get his job. His job. Not a job. Another reason why Happy symbolizes the new American Dream is his obsession with ruining the lives of others in order to better himself. â€Å"I don’t know what gets into me, maybe I just have an overdeveloped sense of competition or something†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  he says on page 25. Happy can get any woman he wants. Yet he deliberately chooses to sleep with the wives and  fiancÃÆ' ©es of his co-workers and bosses as a way of defeating them in some nonexistent competition for power. Therefore, despite the fact that they may be ahead of him in the business world, Happy can find solace in the fact that he â€Å"went and ruined† his bosses’ spouses. â€Å"Isn’t that a crummy characteristic?† he asks Biff. Of course it is, but it doesn’t stop Happy from doing it over and over. Happy may represent the quintessential American in the aspects mentioned above, but what truly cements his position as the epitome of the neo-capitalist is his pervading feelings of unhappiness and discontent. When Happy speaks of possibly becoming the new merchandise manager, he says that he would do the same thing that the old merchandise manager did: build a mansion of a house for himself, then sell in in two months. He says on page 23, â€Å"It’s crazy†Ã‚ ¦it’s what I always wanted. My own apartment, a car, and plenty of women.† Yet when Biff asks if he is content, Happy retorts, â€Å"Hell no!†. When speaking of women, whom Happy appears to be incredibly fond of, he says, â€Å"I keep knockin’ em over, and it doesn’t mean anything.† And why is Happy discontent? Because he defined the American Dream, his American Dream, in terms of money and power, instead of happiness and self-actualization. He will never be content, and nei ther will anyone else who shares his Dream. When goals are determined in denominations of currency, then they can never be reached, because no one can possess all the money that exists in the world. What’s better than a Toyota? A Lexus. What’s better than a Lexus? A Ferrari. What’s better than a Ferrari? A hovercraft? A yacht? 2 yachts? A goddamn jumbo jet? It never ends. And thus, the American Dream can be crushed under the weight of a dollar bill when it is improperly defined. The Dream becomes farce, a crock, a hoax, an old wives’ tale, an urban legend, an orange that consists of nothing but the peel, a person whose soul, whose brains have been sucked out of his nose by little aliens wearing wing-tipped shoes, carrying attachÃÆ' © cases, and driving hovercrafts with the future wives of their bosses in the passenger seat. But it doesn’t have to.

Essay on The Lottery - 777 Words

Shirley Jackson’s insights and observations about man and society are reflected in her famous short story quot;The Lotteryquot;. Many of her readers have found this story shocking and disturbing. Jackson reveals two general attitudes in this story: first, the shocking reality of human’s tendency to select a scapegoat and second, society as a victim of tradition and ritual. Throughout history we have witnessed and participated in many events, where, in time of turmoil and hardship, society has a tendency to seize upon a scapegoat as means of resolution. The people of the village had been taught to believe that in order for their crop to be abundant for the year, some individual had to be sacrificed. quot;Lottery in June, corn be heavy†¦show more content†¦She does not appear to take the ritual seriously, as she comes rushing to the square because she quot;clean forgot what day it wasquot;. The villagers are aware of her rebellious attitude and they are weary that she may be a possible cause for their crops not to be plentiful. quot;It isn’t fair, it isn’t right,quot; Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her. We can understand how traditions are easily lost through the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another. It is how traditions that lose their meaning due to human forgetfulness can cause dreadful consequences to occur. Although quot;the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original box, they still remembered to use stonesquot;. Do people just pick and choose which part of a tradition they want to keep? We tend to remember the actions and the objects necessary to proceed with a ritual, but we always seem to forget the purpose or the reason behind it. Are we correct in still continuing the tradition even though there is a victim involved? It seems we, as part of a society, are scared of being ridiculed if we change or end a tradition because everyone around us will still behave in the manner they were taught. quot;The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions,quot; shows that the meaning and purpose behind the ritual had been lost and they were just actingShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery1112 Words   |  5 PagesPAPER INTERDICIPLINARY LITERATURE â€Å"THE LOTTERY† [pic] Compiled by : Nida Agniya Septiara (F1F010038) Laeli Fadilah (F1F010052) Lisa Ayu Christiana Putri (F1F010022) Yunita Marangin Lumbantoruan (F1F010084) JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE FACULTY HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT ENGLISH LITERATURE 2013 INTRODUCTION Read More The Lottery Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagesword lottery, you probably think of winning a large sum of money before being stoned to death. quot; The Lotteryquot; by Shirley Jackson brings this horrible idea to life. 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The box is falling apart and Mr. SummersRead More The Lottery Essay946 Words   |  4 Pages The Message Sent in â€Å"The Lottery† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The shock value of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is not only widely known, but also widely felt. Her writing style effectively allows the reader to pass a judgment on themselves and the society in which they live. In â€Å"The Lottery† Jackson is making a comparison to human nature. It is prominent in all human civilizations to take a chance as a source of entertainment and as this chance is taken, something is both won and lost. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AsRead MoreThe Lottery. The Lottery Has Three Adaptations And Those1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lottery The Lottery has three adaptations and those would include the Novel, Film, and Graphic Novel. Out of all three each have a somewhat similar setting and character build but also have a little tweak to each one. 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